“三权分置”背景下土地经营权抵押制度研究

Research on the Mortgage System of Land Management Rights under the Background of

本次土地制度改革沿续“地方实践一政策跟进一法律确认”的中国特色改革模式。目前我国“三权分置”改革前两个阶段业已完成,到了总结试点经验、实现政策术语法律化表达的攻坚时期。本文以国家相关政策及现行法律为支撑,结合试点地区实践经验和理论成果,首先解读“三权分置”政策中焦点问题,概括其政策推演,指出“所有权-承包经营权-土地经营权”的权利结构方是政策术语恰如其分的法律表达。在此基础上,文章进一步阐述目前我国土地经营权抵押的立法现状,政策突破,总结出土地经营权抵押的三种主要模式并分析土地经营权抵押现实困境的成因。最后,针对上述问题提出促进政策话语法律化,推进农村土地的确权登记,引入强制管理模式,重视土地流转制度的整体构建与抵押风险的多元控制等建议,以期新《农村土地承包法》颁布与民法典即将实施之际﹐为土地经营权抵押的法律规制寻求妥适路径,并对我国农村土地制度发展、完善有所裨益。

This land system reform continues the reform model with Chinese characteristics of"localpractice-policy follow-up-legal confirmation".At present,the first two stages of our country's"Three Rights Division"reform have been completed,and it has reached the critical stage of summarizing the pilotexperience and realizing the legal expression of policy terms.Hased on the relevant national policies andcurrent laws,this article combines the practical experience and theoretical achievements of the pilot areasto first interpret the focus of the"Three Rights Division"policy,summarize its policy deduction,and pointout"ownership-contracted management rights-land management rights"to be the appropriate legalexpression of policy terminology.On this basis,the article further elaborates the current legislative statusand policy breakthroughs of land management rights mortgage in our country,summarizes the three majormodels of land management rights mortgage and analyzes the causes of the real difficulties of landmanagement rights mortgage.Finally,in response to the above issues,suggestions are made to promotethe legalization of policy discourse,to promote the registration of rural land rights,to introducemandatory management models,to attach importance to the overall construction of the land circulationsystem and multiple control of mortgage risks in order to find out the appropriate path for the legalregulation of land management rights mortgage and be beneficial to the development and improvement ofour countrys rural land system with a view to promulgating the new"Rural Land Contract Law"and theimplement of Civil Code.