城市视角下的近代农民进城原因研究--以天津、青岛为例

The Causes of Modern Farmers Leaving their Hometown and Entering the City from the Perspective of City--Taking Tianjin and Qingdao as Examples

农民离村问题不能仅从乡村社会演进的共通性问题法探讨,而应结合不同时期、不同城市及不同群体的实际情况考量,基于乡村史料的研究多关注经济压力与环境压力对乡村人口流动的影响,近代天津、青岛人口社会史研究表明,商业传统更悠久,城市化进程更早、腹地更广阔、工商业规模更大的天津在移民增长的数量和速度方面要远远超过青岛。20世纪初,工商业的发展及经济腹地的广阈吸引着城市早期人口的聚集,而自1920-年代起,农民的进城更多是在乡村失序的生存困境下被迫选择,进城原因的不同,形成农民进城动机与途径,籍贯与性别的群体差异。

The problem of peasants leaving the hometown can not only be discussed from the commonproblems of rural social evolution,but from the actual situation of different periods,different cities anddifferent groups.The research based on the rural historical data paid more attention to the influence ofeconomic and environmental pressure on rural population mobility.The demographic and social historydata of Tianjin and Qingdao in modern times show that the number and speed of the imtmigration growth inTianjin with the longer commercial tradition,the earlier urbanization process,the vaster hinterland andthe larger industrial and commercial scale was much greater than that of Qingdao,At the beginning of the20th century,the development of industry and Commerce and the vast economic hinterland attracted theearly population gathering in cities,Since 1920s,farmers were forced to enter the cities under the survivaldilemma in the disordered countryside,the different reasons for entering cities caused the groupsdifferences of motivation and ways,native place and gender.