《颜氏家训》名实观研究

A Study on theName and Reality Theory in the Family Instructions of Yan Clan

名实关系问题是中国哲学的重要问题,《颜氏家训》作为“古今家训之祖”,在思想史上地位显著,也对名实关系问题进行了专题探讨。针对当时社会存在的名不符实的现象,《颜氏家训》提出,名实是统一的,实定则名定。在此基础上,颜之推提出其名教观,劝人修身立名,指向道德修养和道德评价领域,这既不同于语言学意义上的名实相符,也不同于此前儒家主流“正名”以“正政”的观点。《颜氏家训》名实观不仅影响了当时的社会风俗和颜氏后世子孙,还在思想史上有其独特的地位和影响,是魏晋南北朝时期儒家名实观的复兴。

The relationship between name and reality is an important issue in the history of Chinesephilosophy.As the ancestor of family instructions,the Family Instructions of Yan Clan has a prominentposition in the intellectual history and also makes a special discussion on the relationship between name andreality.In response to the phenomenon of inconsistent names in the society at that time,the FamilyInstructions of Yan Clan proposed that the name and reality are unified,and that the actual name isdetermined on the reality.On this basis,Yan Zhitui put forward“the Confucian ethical code”,persuadingpeople to cultivate and establish a name,and point to the field of moral cultivation and moral evaluation,which is not only different from the linguistic meaning of matching name and reality,but also differentfrom the previous mainstream of Confucian's tendency that the rectification of name is to rectify thepolitical states.The Name and Reality theory in the Family Instructions of Yan Clan not only influencedthe social customs and the descendants of the Yan Clan at that time,but also had its unique status andinfluence in the intellectual history.It's the renaissance of Confucian Name and Reality theory in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.