辽宁省城市居民二手烟暴露及影响因素分析

Analysis on secondhand smoke exposure and its influencing factors among urban residents in Liaoning Provinc

目的了解辽宁省城市居民二手烟暴露现状及其影响因素,为减少二手烟危害及制定控烟立法或条例提供科学依据。方法数据来源于2016—2017年辽宁省健康促进行动项目成人烟草流行监测调查,采用分层多阶段整群抽样法,在辽宁省12个市的22个监测县(市、区)的城市居民中选取15岁及以上的非吸烟者2894人为调查对象。调查内容主要包括调查对象的基本情况、二手烟、人们对烟草使用的知识和态度等信息。结果辽宁省城市居民二手烟暴露率为56.9%,其中男性为58.8%,女性为56.0%,差异无统计学意义。不同场所二手烟暴露的比例由高到低依次为公共场所(42.6%)、家(28.3%)、室内工作场所(16.5%)。不同年龄、职业、家庭及工作场所室内禁烟规定的人群二手烟暴露率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,与15~24岁相比,45~64岁城市居民二手烟暴露风险比例较高(OR=1.129,95%CI:1.085~1.359);与企业、商业、服务业工作人员相比,离退休人员、未就业人员、农林牧渔水利生产人员、其他类工作人员、政府或事业单位工作人员的二手烟暴露水平均较低(OR值分别为0.530、0.788、0.553、0.757、0.798);家庭和工作场所室内有"不允许吸烟"规定的城市居民二手烟暴露风险均低于家庭和工作场所室内有"允许吸烟"规定的城市居民(O R=0.309,95%CI:0.261~0.365;OR=0.368,95%CI:0.229~0.588)。结论建立并严格执行工作场所禁烟规定有助于减少二手烟暴露风险,良好的家庭无烟环境是减少家庭二手烟暴露的重要因素,应积极倡导无烟家庭创建。

Objective To understand the current situation of urban residents’exposure to second-hand smoke and its influencing factors in Liaoning Province,and to provide scientific basis for reducing the harm of second-hand smoke and formulating legislation or regulations on tobacco control.Methods The data were from the adult tobacco epidemic monitoring survey of Health Promotion Action Project of Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2017.By using stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method,2894 non-smokers aged 15 and above were selected among urban residents from 22 counties(cities and districts)monitored in 12 cities of Liaoning Province.The survey included the basic information of the respondents,secondhand smoke,knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use and other information.Results The rate of exposure to secondhand smoke among urban residents in Liaoning Province was 56.9%,58.8%in males and 56.0%in females.The difference was not statistically significant.The highest to lowest proportions of second-hand smoke exposure were public places(42.6%),homes(28.3%)and indoor workplaces(16.5%)in order.There were statistically significant differences in the exposure rates with different age,occupation,family and workplace smoking bans(all P<0.001).The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those aged 15-24 years old,the risk of second-hand smoke exposure of urban residents aged 45-64 years old was higher(OR=1.129,95%CI:1.085-1.359).As compared with the enterprises,commerce and service personnel,the risk of second-hand smoke exposure in the retirees,unemployed people,agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishing and water conservancy production personnel,and other occupational groups,government or public institution staff were all lower(OR values 0.530,0.788,0.553,0.757,0.798,respectively).The risk of second-hand smoke exposure of urban residents with"no smoking"regulation in their homes and workplaces was lower than that of urban residents with"no smoking"regulation in their homes and workplaces(OR=0.309,95%CI:0.261-0.365;OR=0.368,95%CI:0.229-0.588).Conclusion Establishing and enforcing smoke-free regulations strictly in the workplace can help reduce the risk of second-hand smoke exposure.A good smokefree environment in the home is an important factor in reducing the exposure of second-hand smoke in the home.