控释尿素与普通尿素不同掺混比例对夏玉米产量和氮素利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Blending Ratios of Controlled-Release Urea and Common Urea on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

本试验通过设置控释尿素与普通尿素按不同比例掺混处理(T1~T8),研究不同施肥模式对夏玉米产量、氮素积累、氮素利用效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,等量施肥条件下,玉米产量、地上部氮素积累量及氮素吸收效率、经济效益均表现为T3(树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素按5∶5掺混)>T4(全部为树脂包膜尿素)>T2(树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素按3∶7掺混)。与T2处理相比,T3处理的籽粒产量、地上部氮素积累量、经济效益均分别显著提高14.7%、24.1%和24.5%(2074.3元/hm^(2))。此外,在T2处理基础上,在大喇叭口期追施氮肥(T5处理)或增加播种密度(T6处理)分别较T2处理增产11.6%和41.9%,即通过增加播种密度可实现产量和经济效益最大化。因此,本试验条件下,在合理增加密度基础上结合树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素按照5∶5掺混一次性基施可以作为一项有力栽培措施在该区域推广应用。

Eight treatments(T1~T8)with different blending ratios of controlled-release urea and common urea were set in this study to determine the effects of different fertilization patterns and planting densities on gain yield(GY),nitrogen accumulation,N use efficiency(NUE)and economic benefit of summer maize.The results showed that GY,shoot N accumulation,N absorption efficiency(NAE)and economic benefit were in the order of T3>T4>T2,corresponding to blending ratios of 5∶5,10∶0 and 3∶7 of resin coated urea and common urea at the same amount of application rates.Compared with T2 treatment,T3 treatment resulted in 14.7%,24.1%and 24.5%(2074.3 yuan/hm^(2))of increase in GY,shoot N accumulation and economic benefit,respectively.In addition,compared with T2 treatment,topdressing N fertilizer at V12 stage(T5 treatment)or improving planting densities(T6 treatment)based on T2 fertilizer pattern could further result in 11.6%and 41.9%higher in GY,indicating that T6 treatment could maximize the GY and economic benefit.In conclusion,under this experimental conditions,reasonable increase of planting density together with the 5∶5 blending ratio of resin coated urea and common urea would be an effective measure for popularization and application in this area.