化肥减量条件下配施有机肥对设施番茄产量和品质的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato under Condition of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer

采用田间试验法,研究优化氮磷钾化肥(1545 kg/hm^(2))施用及其减量20%条件下有机肥用量对设施番茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,当地优化施肥减量20%处理番茄产量并未降低,在此基础上施用有机肥3~9 t/hm^(2)番茄产量平均提高6.48%,其中以6 t/hm^(2)有机肥用量的番茄产量最高,666.7m^(2)为7252.6 kg,但化肥减量20%基础上不同有机肥施用量对番茄产量没有显著影响,而化肥偏生产力则明显提高。施用有机肥可提高番茄果实VC和可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量,改善果实品质。化肥减量20%基础上施用有机肥可显著提高番茄生长中后期土壤养分供应能力,土壤速效氮、有效磷及速效钾含量均随有机肥施用量的增加而增加。

In this paper,field experiments were conducted to study the effect of the amount of organic fertilizer on soil fertility,tomato yield and quality in greenhouse under the condition of optimized chemical fertilization and its reduction by 20%.The results showed that the 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer did not reduce the tomato yield.Based on it,the application of organic fertilizer at 3~9 t/hm^(2)increased the yield of tomato by 6.48%.Under the application of organic fertilizer at 6 t/hm^(2),the tomato yield was the highest as 7252.6 kg per 666.7 m^(2).There was no significant difference between different application rates of organic fertilizer based on 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer,but the partial productivity of fertilizer increased obviously.Application of organic fertilizer increased the VC and soluble sugar contents,reduced the titratable acid content,and improved the flavor of tomato fruits.The application of organic fertilizers on the basis of 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer could significantly improve the nutrient supply capacity of soil at middle and late stages of tomato growth.The content of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased with the increase of organic fertilizer amount.