世界马铃薯生产、消费与贸易格局及演化分析

Analysis on Pattern and Evolution of World Potato Production,Consumption and Trade

研究分析了近20年来世界及主要国家马铃薯生产、消费与贸易演化。发现世界马铃薯种植面积缓慢下降,单产不断提高,产量有所增长,并呈现由欧洲向亚洲、由温带产区向低地热带产区、由发达国家向发展中国家转移的趋势。中国、印度、孟加拉国马铃薯消费显著增长,而欧洲国家消费大多下降。欧美国家马铃薯出口在世界贸易中占有较大比重,且以种用、制粉和加工食品等高附加值产品为主;而中国、埃及等新兴出口国家则以冷冻、冷藏马铃薯等低附加值产品为主。尽管欧美国家在马铃薯生产、消费和贸易中占比有所降低,但仍居领先和主导地位。根据分析结果,从加强育种、发展加工、拓展出口等角度对中国马铃薯产业发展提出建议。

In this paper,we analyzed the evolution of potato production,consumption and trade in the world and major countries in the past 20 years.It was found that the planting area of potato in the world decreased slowly,but the yield and output kept increasing.The main planting regions had moved from Europe to Asia,from temperate regions to low tropical regions,and from developed countries to developing countries.The consumption of potato in China,India and Bangladesh increased significantly,while consumption in European countries declined mostly.Europe and the United States accounted for a large proportion of world’s potato export,and mainly exported high value-added products such as seed,flour and processed food,while China,Egypt and other emerging export countries mainly exported low value-added products such as frozen and refrigerated potato.Although the proportion of potato production,consumption and trade of Europe and the United States had decreased,it was still in the prior and leading position.Based on the conclusions,we put forward some suggestions including strengthening breeding,developing processing and expanding export.