公共教育支出的亲贫性测度研究

Study on the measurement of the pro-poor nature of public education expenditure

教育对于改善代际差距,缓解收入不均具有积极作用,公共教育支出均等化关乎贫困群体能否从人力资本投资中获益进而整体上降低不平等性,地方政府的公共支出再分配的偏好会导致不同群体获益程度的差异.鉴于数据可得性,按是否领取低保把人群划分为贫困与非贫困2个群体,采用固定效应模型获得回归估计量,据此测度贫困与非贫困群体在公共教育支出的受益方面有无差异,以评价公共教育支出的亲贫性.实证研究表明,公共教育支出表现出偏向非贫困群体的特点,贵州省和甘肃省展现出较小的受益差异,经济发达地区的差异程度较大.

Education plays a positive role in improving intergenerational gap and alleviating income inequality,the equalization of public education expenditure is related to whether the poor can benefit from human capital investment and then reduce inequality as a whole,local government′s preference for redistribution of public expenditure will lead to different benefits of different groups.In view of the availability of data,the population was divided into poor and non poor groups according to whether to receive the minimum living allowance,the fixed effect model was used to obtain the regression estimator to measure whether there is any difference in the benefits of public education expenditure between the poor and the non poor groups,and evaluate the pro-poor nature of public education expenditure.The empirical study showed that the public education expenditure tends to the non poor groups.Guizhou Province and Gansu Province show a small benefit difference,and the difference in developed regions is deeper.