风险预防背景下的外来物种入侵法律规制

Legal Regulation of Alien Species Invasion under the Background of Risk Prevention

随着世界经济贸易的发展,外来物种入侵成为威胁生物多样性、公众健康,甚至生态安全和国家安全的重大问题。我国目前在外来物种入侵相关立法方面存在立法理念滞后、调整范围欠充分、监管碎片化、法律制度缺失且责任追究机制单一等问题,无法有效回应高风险社会对外来物种入侵的防范。在国内外相关制度经验总结的基础上,我国防治外来物种入侵的相关法律法规应在《生物安全法》的指导下,确立整体生态安全理念,采取风险预防原则,健全外来物种风险评估、引种许可证、全过程跟踪监测、公众参与和法律责任制度,优化外来物种风险管理机制,促进生物安全治理体系进一步完善。

With the development of world economy and trade,the invasion of alien species has become a major issue that threatens biodi versity,public health,and even ecological security and national security.The legislation related to the invasion of alien species in China has problems such as lagging legislative ideas,insufficient adjustment targets,fragmentation of the regulatory system,and single legal responsibility.It cannot respond to the effective prevention of alien species invasion in high-risk society.Based on the experience of relevant foreign systems,our country′s laws and regulations for the prevention and control of alien species invasion should be guided by the Biosafety Law,establish an overall ecological security concept,adopt the principle of risk prevention,and improve the risk assessment of alien species,introduction permits,and the entire process track monitoring,public participation and legal responsibility systems,optimize the risk management mechanism of alien species,and promote the improvement of the biosafety governance system.