广西八角人工控制授粉技术研究

Study on Artificial Control Pollination Technology of Illicium verum in Guangxi

[目的]八角花期长,授粉易受多种因素影响,坐果率低,大小年现象严重。为达到高产、稳产、优质的目的,采用人工授粉提高坐果率是可选择的途径之一。[方法]采用人工控制授粉方法,研究授粉对八角坐果率的影响和不同品种间花粉亲和能力。通过选择单株产量高、果大而厚、果柄短、子房发育饱满、抗病性强、树形良好的果树,以及当年发育饱满、即将开放的花蕾进行去雄;花粉充分压碎,用少量0.01%硼酸进行处理;用毛笔对柱头进行点授。[结果]通过人工控制授粉方法进行授粉,坐果率为0.2%,落花率为98.8%,低于自然授粉的坐果率(4.0%)。造成这样的原因可能是植株间花粉亲和力低,其次是套袋后袋内温度过高,造成花粉无法萌发或失水而引起落花落果。[结论]建议今后在授粉亲和力或套袋材料选择上进一步研究。

[Objective]Illicium verum Hook.f.has a long florescence,so its pollination is easy to be affected by many factors,moreover,it is in low fruit-bearing rate and has a serious unstable yielding.To make it high and stable yield and quality products,the manual control pollination is one of the best choices.[Method]The effect of pollination to the fruit-bearing rate of Illicium verum and the affinity of different kinds of Illicium verum were studied by artificially control pollination.The method was that selected the plant which was high yield with large and thick,short carpopodium,fully developed ovary,good disease resistance and size fruit,and emasculated and crushed other flower buds which were fully developed and about to blossom out,then put a few 0.01%boric acid to the flower buds and pollinated it to the plant with a brush.[Result]When pollinated by hang,the fruit-bearing rate of Illicium verum was only 0.2%,which was lower than the natural pollination’s fruit-bearing rate(4.0%),and the fallen petal rate was 98.8%.The main reason was the low affinity in different plants,second was the high temperature after bagging,which caused the pollen not sprout or dehydration then lead to the drop of the flower and the fruit.[Conclusion]More study should be on the affinity of pollination and bagging material.