耐冷菌的适冷分子机制及在污水处理中的应用

Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Psychrotrophic Bacteria and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment

指出了低温是影响冬季寒冷地区生活污水处理效果的一个主要原因,在低温环境下,活性污泥中大多数中温菌的生长活性受到抑制,只有少数的耐冷菌可以存活下来并保持一定的活性。简要介绍了低温微生物的概念及分类,从细胞膜结构、低温酶、蛋白质合成以及冷休克蛋白等方面对耐冷菌的适冷机制进行分析,最后对耐冷菌在污水处理中的应用现状与发展方向进行了展望。

Low temperature is one of the main factors affecting the treatment effect of domestic sewage in cold winter areas.In the low temperature environment,the growth activity of most mesophilic bacteria in activated sludge is inhibited,and only a few cold-tolerant bacteria can survive and maintain a certain activity.In this paper,the concept and classification of cold-tolerant microorganisms are briefly introduced,and the cold-adaptation mechanism of cold-tolerant bacteria is expounded from cell membrane structure,cold enzyme,protein synthesis and cold shock protein,etc.Studies have found that under low temperature environments,psychrotrophic bacteria have formed a set of cold-adaptive molecular mechanisms that are compatible with low temperature in terms of cell membrane structure,low-temperature enzymes,protein synthesis,and cold shock protein.The application status and development trend of psychrotrophs in wastewater treatment are prospected.