北京市土壤地质环境监测工作的实践与思考

Practices and considerations of soil geological environment monitoring in Beijing

开展北京市土壤地质环境的长期监测,对于政府管理部门及时掌握土壤环境质量状况,制定相应的防治措施具有重要的意义。北京市土壤地质环境监测网建成后,连续6年的监测结果表明:全市区域土壤重金属元素环境质量整体优良,存在点状有机污染;典型工矿区、农业种植区、重要水源地等重点监测区土壤环境质量总体良好,局部存在安全风险。监测网包括区域监测和重点监测两个层次;监测范围已覆盖全市域;区域监测周期3年,重点监测周期1年;形成了以化学指标为主的监测指标体系;监测方法包括野外样品采集、样品加工处理、数据处理及图件编制、无机元素(指标)和有机物分布特征分析及对比、结果评价等。针对监测工作中存在的样品代表性问题、分析测试问题、重点工作区问题和评价标准统一问题,提出了应加强方法技术和质量监控体系研究;对重点监测区的选取和工作方法进行深入探讨;在评价规范化、技术方法创新方面进行尝试等思路。

Long-term monitoring of the soil environment in Beijing is of great significance for the government management departments to timely obtain the soil environmental quality status and formulate corresponding prevention and treatment measures.As an important part of soil environment monitoring,soil geological environment monitoring network has been in continuous operation for 6 years in Beijing.The results indicate that the overall quality of heavy metal elements in the soil environment citywide is good but with dot organic pollution;the soil environmental quality in typical industrial and mining areas,agricultural planting areas,important water sources and other key monitoring areas is generally good but also with safety risks in some areas.This city-wide monitoring network provides two monitoring levels with a three-year period for regional monitoring and a one-year period for key monitoring.A monitoring index system has been formed mainly based on chemical index.Monitoring methods involve many factors such as field sample collection,sample processing,data processing,drawing compilation,analysis and comparison of element(index and organic matter)distribution characteristics,research and evaluation,etc.To solve the problems concerning samples representation,analysis and test,key work area and unification of evaluation criteria in monitoring,suggestions on improvement and optimization are put forth that focus on strengthened research of methodology and systematic quality control,in-depth discussion of the selection and working methods of key monitoring areas,and experiment of standardized evaluation and technique innovations.