不同饲养方式对绿壳蛋鸡体尺、产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

Effects of different feeding methods on body size, laying performance and egg quality of green shell laying hens

为了研究不同饲养方式对绿壳蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响,试验将300只30日龄、体重相近的健康的绿壳蛋鸡随机分为笼养组和散养组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只鸡,分别采用笼养和林下散养两种饲养方式,从30日龄饲养至500日龄,测定其体尺(体斜长、嘴壳长、胸深、胸宽、胫长、胫围)、产蛋性能(开产日龄、开产体重、开产蛋重、蛋壳颜色、产蛋数量、产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比、破损率)和蛋品质(蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白重、蛋白比例、蛋黄重、蛋黄比例、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位)。结果表明:笼养组和散养组在体斜长、嘴壳长、胸宽、胸深、胫长方面均差异不显著(P>0.05),而散养组胫围比笼养组高15.84%(P<0.05);笼养组绿壳蛋鸡开产时间比散养组提前20 d(P<0.05);笼养组的产蛋数量比散养组高43.75%(P<0.05),产蛋率高36.31%(P<0.05),而料蛋比低12.01%(P<0.05);平均蛋重、破损率二者差异不显著(P>0.05);散养组绿壳蛋鸡的蛋白和蛋黄重量分别比笼养组高11.07%(P<0.05)、5.74%(P<0.05),蛋白、蛋黄比例比笼养组高14.04%(P<0.05)、8.66%(P<0.05),其他蛋品质指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明笼养绿壳蛋鸡能提高产蛋性能,林下散养能提高蛋品质。

In order to study the effects of different feeding methods on laying performance of green shell layers hens, 300 healthy green shell layer hens with similar weight at the age of 30 days were randomly divided into cage breeding group and free range group with 5 replicates in each group and 30 chickens in each replicate, and the two feeding methods were adopted respectively, namely cage breeding and free range breeding. The green shell layer hens were raised from the age of 30 days to the age of 500 days, and its body measurements(body length, beak shell length, chest deep, chest width, shank length, shank circumference), egg production performance(age at first egg, weight at first egg, weight of first of egg, eggshell color, number of eggs, egg laying rate, average egg weight, feed-gain ratio, breakage) and egg quality(egg weight, egg-shaped index, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, weight of protein, the proportions of the protein, egg yolk, the proportions of the egg yolk, egg yolk color, Haugh unit) were determined. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body length, beak shell length, chest deep, chest width, shank length between in cages and free range group(P>0.05), however, the shank circumference under forest was 15.84% higher than that under cage(P<0.05). The time of laying of green shell layer in cages breeding group was 20 days earlier than that of free range group(P<0.05). Cage breeding group egg number higher than free range group by 43.75%(P<0.05), the egg production rate was 36.31% high(P<0.05), while the egg feed rate was 12.01% low(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in average egg weight and breakage(P>0.05) between the cage and free range group. The weight of egg white and egg yolk of green laying hens under the forest free-range was 11.07%(P<0.05),5.74%(P<0.05) higher than that of caged laying hens, and the proportion of egg white and egg yolk under the forest free-range was 14.04%(P<0.05),8.66%(P<0.05) higher than that of cage laying hens. There was no significant difference in other indicators of egg quality between the two feeding methods(P>0.05). The results indicated that cage green laying hens could improve egg production performance, and free-range laying hens under the forest could improve egg quality.