四种方法提取柴胡挥发油成分的分析

The analysis of volatile oil components derived from Radix bupleuri by four extraction methods

为了研究不同方法提取柴胡挥发油化学成分的差异,试验以索氏、微波、水蒸馏和超临界CO2-水蒸气蒸馏提取法萃取甘肃野生柴胡中的挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱法结合保留指数分析化合物的成分。结果表明:索氏、微波、水蒸馏、超临界CO2-水蒸气蒸馏提取法得油率依次为2.768%、2.380%、2.004%、0.985%,共分析并确定其所得化合物种类依次为34,21,25,19种,种类主要包括酸、酯、酮、醇、烷烃类等。在这四种方法中,前两种方法所得共有组分为n-十六烷酸,后两种方法所得共有组分为镰叶芹醇。说明四种方法提取柴胡挥发油各有优劣,需要在结合实际需要的基础上进行合理地运用。通过保留指数来鉴别同分异构体,提高了柴胡挥发油中化合物定性的准确性。

In order to study the difference of volatile oil components derived from Radix bupleuri by different extraction methods,volatile oil was extracted in this experiment from the wild Radix bupleuri in Gansu Province by Soxhlet extraction,microwave extraction,water distillation extraction,and supercritical CO2-steam distillation extraction methods. The compound constitution was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with retention index. The results showed that oil extraction rates of the Soxhlet extraction,microwave extraction,water distillation extraction,and supercritical CO2-steam distillation extraction methods were 2.768%,2.380%,2.004%,0.985% successively,and the total numbers of the kinds of compounds were analyzed and confirmed to be 34,21,25,19 respectively. The kinds of compounds mainly included acids,esters,ketones,alcohols,alkanes and so on. The common components obtained by the first two methods were n-hexadecanoic acid, and the common components obtained by the latter two methods were falcarinol. The results suggested that the four methods of extracting volatile oil from Radix bupleuri had their own characteristic features,and the methods needed to be reasonably applied on the basis of actual requirements. The retention index was used to identify isomers,which improved the qualitative accuracy of the compounds in Radix bupleuri volatile oil.