摆线传动接触载荷与效率的关联模式及试验验证

Correlationship between Contact Load and Efficiency of Cycloidal Transmission and Its Test Verification

为揭示摆线针轮传动的接触载荷与效率的关联模式,基于牛顿法和弹性接触理论提出了一种可实现摆线针轮多齿啮合点精确定位、接触载荷分布确定和传动效率计算的理论分析方法。该方法建立了摆线轮刚体动力学方程,并将传动效率表达为摆线轮所受合外力的函数;通过摆线轮齿廓离散点与针齿圆、输出销/孔的相对几何关系与接触条件来确定摆线轮接触载荷;将摆线轮接触载荷转化为广义力,形成由摆线轮合外力/力矩表达的传动效率函数。以某单级摆线减速器为例,分析设计参数与运行工况对传动效率的影响。通过专用试验台进行对比试验,结果表明:理论计算传动效率不随负载变化;低负载时,传动效率偏低,且随负载增大而快速上升;高负载时,传动效率变化不大,趋于稳定值,且与理论值接近。该方法仅可作为高负载时摆线针轮传动效率评估的简明方法。

In order to study the correlationship between contact load and efficiency of cycloidal pin gear transmission,a theoretical analysis method was proposed based on Newton's method and elastic contact theory to determine accurate locations of multi-tooth mesh points,contact load distribution and transmission efficiency.Rigid body dynamic equations of cycloidal gear were built by the method herein to derive transmission efficiency,which could be expressed as a function of resultant external force of cycloidal gear.The contact loads of cycloidal gear were determined by relative geometric relationships and contact conditions of tooth profile discrete points,gear pin circle and output pin/hole of cycloidal gear.The contact loads of cycloidal gear were transferred into generalized forces to get the transmission efficiency function expressed by resultant external force/torque of cycloidal gear.A single-stage cycloidal reducer was taken as an example to analyze effects of design parameters and operating conditions on transmission efficiency.Comparative tests were tried on a special test bench.Results indicate that the theoretical calculated transmission efficiency does not change with the load.Under low load,the transmission efficiency is low,and rises rapidly when load increasing.Under high load,the transmission efficiency does not change much with load and tends to be a constant value,which is close to the theoretical one.The proposed method is accurate only for high load and may be a simple method to evaluate transmission efficiency of cycloidal pin gear.