西方马克思主义还是西方的马克思主义?——对伯恩施坦修正主义的批判

The Western Marxism or the West Marxism_The Criticism of Bernstein's Revisionism

19世纪末20世纪初是马克思主义的低潮期,伯恩施坦趁机对马克思主义基本原理进行全面修正,伯恩施坦的思想属于西方的马克思主义。西方马克思主义与西方的马克思主义是截然不同的理论,早期西方马克思主义者强调马克思主义观念领域上层建筑的意识形态功能:青年卢卡奇唤起阶级意识的历史作用,柯尔施号召无产阶级拿起哲学的精神武器推翻资产阶级统治,葛兰西主张塑造“现代君主”的文化领导权。澄清西方马克思主义和西方的马克思主义有助于为西方马克思主义正本清源,对认识西方马克思主义的产生和发展有理论价值。

At the end of the 19^(th) century and the beginning of the 20^(th) century, Marxism was in a period of low tide. Bernstein took the opportunity to make a comprehensive revision of the basic principles of Marxism. Bernstein’s thought belongs to the West Marxism. The Western Marxism is a completely different theory from the West Marxism. Early Western Marxists emphasized the ideological function of superstructure in the field of Marxist concept: the young Lukacs found the historical role of class consciousness;Kirsch called on the proletariat to take up the spiritual weapon of philosophy to overthrow bourgeois rule;and Gramsci advocated the cultural leadership of shaping the "modern monarch". Clarifying Western Marxism and West Marxism may help to clear the source of Western Marxism and has theoretical value for understanding the emergence and development of the Western Marxism.