低速重载工程机械轮轨接触分析方法

Research on Wheel-Rail Contact Analysis of Low-Speed Heavy Load Construction Machinery

目的基于低速重载工程机械运行速度慢、载重量大等特点,对其进行定义,并提出关于其轮轨接触问题的解决办法。方法利用APDL语言建立轮轨接触分析参数化模型,通过非线性有限元接触分析技术对无轮缘车轮和轨道与有轮缘车轮和轨道进行对比分析;并通过Von-Mises应力云图对安装误差引起的偏斜运行轮轨结构进行分析。结果在轮轨结构横向截面与纵向截面的接触区域有塑性变形的产生,应力值降低且扩散面积增大;对无轮缘轮轨结构接触区和双轮缘轮轨结构接触区在相同的条件进行分析,无轮缘车轮-轨道的应力值明显更小;垂直偏斜对接触应力的变化影响较小,但长期接触会导致轨道或车轮单侧磨损;侧向力作用下会导致轮轨结构接触状态变差。结论在低速重载的工作条件下,轮轨结构材料接触应力值较小,易塑性变形;在相同的工作状态下,对无轮缘车轮-轨道结构与双轮缘车轮-轨道结构的接触区域进行对比,无轮缘车轮-轨道结构的最大接触应力值较小;低速重载工程机械的车轮垂直偏斜和运行过程的侧向力作用下的偏载,对整机运行稳定性产生较大影响。

According to the wheel pressure value and the whole vehicle running speed,the low speed and heavy load construction machinery is defined and put forward the solution of the contact problem of low speed and heavy load construction machinery.A parametric wheel-rail contact analysis model was established by using APDL language,and a comparative analysis was carried out on wheel-rail wheels and tracks with flanged wheels and tracks by using nonlinear finite element contact analysis technology.The deflection of wheel and rail structure caused by installation error was analyzed with Von-Mises stress nephogram.Plastic deformation occurs in the contact area between transverse section and longitudinal section of wheel-rail structure,the area of stress diffusion increases obviously and the stress value is decreases obviously.Under the same load,the stress value of the contact analysis of the wheel-track structure with no rim is obviously lower than that of the double-rim wheel.Vertical deflection has little influence on the change of contact stress,but long-term contact may lead to unilateral wear of track or wheel.Under the action of lateral force,the contact state of wheel-rail structure becomes worse.Under the working condition of low speed and heavy load,the contact stress of wheel-rail structure material is small and easy to plastic deformation.Under the same working condition,the maximum contact stress in the contact region is smaller in the wheel-track structure with no rim than in the double-rim wheel-track structure.The vertical deflection of the wheel under low speed and heavy load and the partial load under the lateral force during operation have great influence on the operation stability of the whole machine.