论鲁迅的汉语言文字“功”“罪”观——围绕《汉文学史纲要》第一篇“自文字至文章”的考察

On Lu Xun’s View of“Merit”and“Sin”in Chinese Language:An Examination on the First Chapter“From Word to Article”in the Outline of the History of Chinese Literature

《汉文学史纲要》是1926年鲁迅在厦门大学担任中国文学史课程教学任务时所撰的讲义,其第一篇“自文字至文章”虽仅有2200多字,但内涵丰富,对于语言文字问题作了提纲挈领的精辟阐述。通过《汉文学史纲要》第一篇“自文字至文章”,鲁迅打破了文字的神圣论,探讨了文学的起源等问题,为科学地认识汉字、使用汉字以及现代汉语文学语言变革指点迷津,由此对于书面语和口语、文言和白话也就有了一个提纲挈领的思路。而且,在言文一致的讨论基础上,鲁迅重申了文章的思想表达必须要通过文学修辞来间接地传达,以“美”熏刺人心。作为学者的鲁迅的缜密扎实的学术研究,与作为公共知识分子的鲁迅的“横眉冷对千夫指”的决绝言论,都是为了摆脱传统桎梏,实现个人、民族和文学的现代转型。

The Outline of the History of Chinese Literature was a handout written by Lu Xun in 1926 when he was taking a course on the history of Chinese literature in Xiamen University.Abundant in connotation with only over 2200 words,the first chapter“From Word to Article”made an incisive elaboration of Chinese language by summarizing the essentials.Based on the first chapter“From Word to Article”in the Outline of the History of Chinese Literature,Lu Xun broke the sacred theory of writing,discussed such issues as the origin of literature and unraveled?Ariadne’s?thread for the scientific understanding and use of Chinese characters as well as the transformation of Chinese language in modern literature,thus creating an outline of the idea on written and spoken,classical and vernacular Chinese language.Moreover,on the basis of the discussion on the consistency of language and word,Lu Xun reiterated that the ideological expression of an article must be conveyed indirectly through literary rhetoric with its“beauty”burned into the heart.As a scholar,Lu Xun made rigorous and solid academic researches;as a public intellectual,Lu Xun“pointed and glared angrily at the reactionary elements”,both of which were to shake off the shackles of tradition so as to realize the modern transformation of the individual,the nation and the literature.