返回器着陆缓冲技术途径综述

Study on the Landing Buffer Pattern of the Reentry Capsule

返回器在着陆或着水瞬间将受到一定的冲击载荷,为了保护宇航员及器上产品的安全,返回器需要具备着陆缓冲能力。文章对返回器当前主流的着陆缓冲方式进行了分析和比较,包括主结构着陆缓冲、海面溅落式缓冲、气囊式着陆缓冲、反推发动机着陆缓冲等,并对月地高速再入返回飞行器、MPCV和CST-100等典型返回器的着陆缓冲设计及验证进行了分析;另外,还对着陆腿式着陆缓冲、反向重构式着陆缓冲、充气隔热罩着陆缓冲等返回器新型着陆缓冲方式进行了详细介绍。对返回器的各种着陆缓冲方式进行了分析、归纳和比较,并根据分析结果给出了返回器着陆缓冲途径研究的启示与建议。

The reentry capsules would be subjected to a certain impact load at the moment of landing on the terrene or water.In order to ensure the safety of astronauts and products in the capsule,the reentry capsules should have landing buffer capability.In this paper,the main landing buffering methods of the reentry capsules are analyzed and compared,including landing buffering of the main structure,sea splash-landing buffering,landing buffering of the airbag,and landing buffering of the retrorocket.The design and verification of landing buffering of the typical reentry capsules including Circumlunar Return and Reentry Capsule,MPCV and CST-100 are described.The landing gear,reverse reconfiguration landing buffering and inflatable heat shield landing are also introduced.Finally,various buffering methods of the reentry capsules are compared and summarized.According to the analysis results enlightenment and suggestions on the research of landing buffer path of the reentry capsules are provided.