试析孙子对《司马法》军事思想的继承和发展

An Analysis of Sun Zi’s Inheritance and Development of Military Thought in Sima Law

孙子继承和发展了古代《司马法》的思想。如继承“慎战”“重战”的思想,进一步阐述了如何做到“慎战”“重战”;继承“以战止战”“兴甲兵以讨不义”的思想,提出了“不战而屈人之兵”“以全争于天下”的思想;继承“士不先教,不可用也”的思想,提出了“令之以文,齐之以武”;继承“权出于战”的思想,提出了“兵者诡道”“兵以诈立”的思想;继承“以气胜”的思想,将其发展为“避其锐气,击其惰归”的思想。

Sun Zi inherited and developed the ancient thought of Sima Law.For instance,he inherited the thoughts of“being cautious in war”and“attaching great importance to war”and further elaborated how to“be cautious in war”and“attach great importance to war”.Through inheriting the thought of“stopping war with war”and“suppressing the injustice with armed army”,he put forward the thought of“breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting”and“disputing the mastery of the Empire with one’s forces intact”.Through inheriting the thought o“f soldiers cannot be used before they are educated”,he put forward the thought of“commanding the troops with civility but keeping them under control by iron discipline”.Through inheriting the thought of“power originating from war”,he put forward the thought of“all warfare is based on deception”and“in war,practice dissimulation”.Through inheriting the thought of“winning victory with vehemence”,he put forward the thought of“avoiding an army when its spirit is keen,but attacking it when it is sluggish and inclined to return”.