近代士人对西方世界的观感探微--以清人张德彝八部《航海述奇》的女性观察为视点

The Intellectuals’ Views on the West in the Late Qing Dynasty from the Female Observations of the Marvels on Sea Voyage by Zhang Deyi

张德彝是晚清重要的外交官,他幼年接受传统教育,青年入同文馆接受新式教育,曾先后八次到访西方各国。在此期间,他广泛地接触西方社会与文化,详细考察西方女性,逐渐从一个保守士人转变为批驳中国裹脚陋习、尊重女性的开明士人。但在对婚姻自由等女性主义运动的讨论中,他回到了保守的阵地中,体现出近代士人思想的保守性与局限性。

Zhang Deyi was an important diplomat in the late Qing Dynasty.He received traditional education in his childhood,and entered Peking T’ung-Wen Kuan to receive Western New Education In his youth.He visited the West eight times in succession,extensively exposed to Western society and culture,and observed Western women in detail.Gradually,he changed from a traditional intellectual to a progressive one who became a criticism of Chinese foot-wraps.But in the discussion of feminist movements such as freedom of marriage,he returned to the conservative position,reflecting the conservative characteristics and ideological limitations of Intellectuals in the Late Qing Dynasty.