全球化的兴起与“行在”城的北移——文艺复兴时期意大利文献《行在考述》研究

The Emerging of Globalization and the Northward Movement of the City of “Quinsay”: a Study of Relatione della grande città del Quinsai, del re della Cina

欧洲中世纪旅行家马可·波罗将杭州称为“行在”,并首次向欧洲介绍了这座“世界最富丽名贵之城”。欧洲人根据马可·波罗的叙述,认为“行在”就位于中国东南沿海。欧洲人于15世纪末16世纪初掀起了全球化浪潮后,很快来到了中国沿海。但他们所面对的是明代中国,而不是马可·波罗所介绍的元代中国。在新旧知识混淆的背景下,欧洲学者们开始把马可·波罗所说的行在认定为明代的首都北京,行在城的地理位置就这样北移了。文艺复兴时期的意大利学者孔图吉的《行在考述》,就是最早进行这种认定的专题文章。

European medieval traveler Marco Polo called Hangzhou“Quinsay”and for the first time he presented the“most beautiful and wealthy city in the world”to Europe.Relying on Polo’s description,Europeans knew that Quinsay was situated in China’s southeast coast.But after the early globalization began in the turn of the 16th century,Europeans soon arrived at China’s coast,where they met the Ming,not the Yuan Dynasty described by Marco Polo.Because of the confusion between old and new information,European scholars began to identify the Quinsay mentioned by Polo with the Ming Capital Beijing.As a result,the location of Quinsay moved northward.Italian Renaissance scholar Contugo Contughi’s Relatione della grande cittàdel Quinsai,del re della Cina is the first monograph to discuss the issue of Quinsay’s real position.