2020年器官移植免疫学实验研究进展

Experimental research progress on immunology of organ transplantation in 2020

器官移植技术发展迅速,但移植器官的长期存活和功能维持依旧离不开免疫抑制剂的大量使用。当前,器官移植术后发生的排斥反应、感染等仍是移植科医师和受者需要面对的主要问题。为了进一步探究排斥反应和免疫耐受的基本生物学原理,解答诸多临床器官移植过程中的病理生理学相关问题,为器官移植更广泛、有效地推广应用提供基础理论依据和临床干预的指导,器官移植领域的基础研究仍在稳步向前推进。2020年,研究者在器官移植免疫应答基本规律、克服移植排斥反应、诱导移植免疫耐受等方面的基础研究有诸多重要进展。本文主要从免疫细胞亚群和免疫分子两大方向对2020年研究者诱导移植免疫耐受的部分新尝试和进展进行总结,并简要展望了未来器官移植免疫学的主要发展方向。

Despite the rapid development of organ transplantation technique,the long-term survival and functional maintenance of transplant organs still depend on the massive use of immunosuppressants.At present,the rejection and infection after organ transplantation remain the major problem facing transplant surgeons and recipients.The basic research in the field of organ transplantation is still steadily advancing to further explore the basic biological principle of rejection and immune tolerance,resolve multiple pathophysiological questions in the process of clinical organ transplantation and provide basic theoretical basis and clinical intervention guidance for wider and more effective application of organ transplantation.In 2020,researchers have achieved significant progresses on a wide range of basic researches of organ transplantation,such as the fundamental principle of immune response,overcoming transplantation rejection and inducing transplantation immune tolerance,etc.In this article,novel attempts and progresses upon inducing transplantation immune tolerance in 2020 were reviewed from two perspectives including inhibition of immune cell function and suppression of immune signaling pathway,and the main development direction of immunology of organ transplantation in the future was prospected.