基于HIAF装置的高能量密度物理研究

High-energy-density physics based on HIAF

高能量密度物理的研究对象是能量密度超过1011J/m3或压强超过100 GPa极端状态的物质,这种物质广泛存在于恒星和大质量行星内部,同时也短暂存在于核弹爆炸和惯性约束聚变等高功率加载过程中.高能量密度物理研究是科技强国在国防安全、天体物理及聚变科学技术等重大领域竞相追逐的前沿热点,也是国内外大型高功率激光装置、Z箍缩装置以及重离子加速装置的重要科学目标.本文将主要介绍基于强流重离子加速器装置(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility,HIAF)的高能量密度物理研究.HIAF装置将可以提供极高功率的强流重离子束,单脉冲能量和功率将分别达到100 kJ和TW量级.如此高功率的离子束直接加热金、铅等固体材料,可以产生密度接近原固体密度、温度约10 eV、空间尺度mm–cm量级的状态均匀的高能量密度物质(能量密度达到1013J/m^(3)量级),为实验室研究高能量密度物质的产生、物态性质及其演化规律提供先进的研究平台.基于HIAF的高能量密度物理研究主要包括:(1)强流离子束驱动高能量密度物质的产生及其发展规律;(2)离子束在稠密物质或等离子体中的能量沉积与输运性质;(3)离子束驱动高能量密度物质关键诊断技术.本文还将重点介绍上述三个关键科学技术问题的研究现状和进展.

High-energy-density physics(HEDP)deals with the study of matter under extreme conditions with an energy density higher than 1011 J/m3,corresponding to a pressure of 100 GPa.Such matter exists in abundance in deep interiors of the planets and stars.It also exists for a short duration during nuclear explosion and the loading of high-power-pulsed machines.HEDP is the international frontier of national security,astrophysics and fusion science,and it is also one of the main scientific goals of the high-power laser-facilities,Z-machines and heavy-ion-accelerators.Herein,the HEDP research based on High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF),which is the"12 th Five-Year Plan"national major science and technology infrastructure,will be introduced.The HIAF is advocated to provide the world with a heavy-ion beam with utmost high power.The energy and power of one beam pulse is about 100 J and several TW,respectively.With such a high-power heavy-ion beam,heating a solid-state lead sample,for example,could generate homogenous high-energy-density matter with a spatial scale from mm to cm and a temperature of 10 eV,near-solid density,and energy density of 1013 J/m^(3).Thus,through the HIAF,the generation,properties and evolution of highenergy-density matter can be investigated.This paper also reports the state of the art in the field of HEDP based on HIAF,including the generation and development of high-energy-density matter driven by a high-intensity heavy-ion beam,micro mechanism of interaction between the ion beam and dense matter or plasma,and key diagnostics of the highenergy-density matter driven by a hevy-ion beam.