串级萃取理论和稀土分离技术的发展趋势及相关进展

Trends and progress of the theory of countercurrent extraction and rare earth separation technology

稀土被誉为"新材料宝库".我国是稀土资源大国,稀土萃取分离理论和技术也处世界领先水平.近20年来,为适应环境友好和智能生产要求,我国的稀土萃取分离技术呈现了连续色层化、超高纯化、控制自动化和联动一体化等发展趋势和特点.联动萃取工艺的引入使萃取分离流程达到了连续离子交换色层法效果.萃取过程中交叉污染成因分析和控制技术的发展拓展了萃取分离提纯极限.基于全流程仿真优化设计专家系统的稀土分离自动控制可有力保障分离产品的质量稳定.萃取分离与相关工序的联动一体化是进一步提升稀土分离绿色化的新思路.本文结合作者多年来的研究工作,从分离流程的连续色层化、分离产品的超高纯化、分离过程控制的自动化和分离工序的联动一体化几个方面介绍了串级萃取理论和稀土分离技术的发展趋势及相关进展.

Rare earths are significant for new material developments.China has the largest proved reserve of rare earths,and developed leading theories and technologies of rare earth extraction separation in the world.To adapt to the new requirements of environment protect and intelligent manufacturing in the last two decades,rare earth separation technologies behave the development trends of continuous chromatography,higher product purity,automatic control and process coupling.A flow-sheet with hyperlink extraction technology presents the separation efficiency as continuous ion exchange chromatography.Improvements on cause-effect analysis and control technologies of cross contamination during the process deepened the purification limitation by extraction separation.Automatically controlled production based on a special simulation expert system for flow-sheet optimization design will provide effective guarantee for the quality and stability of rare earth products.The coupling of extraction separation with other processes has proved to be a new idea to further improve green manufacturing level of rare earth separation.Herein,in combination with our recent studies,we have introduced the trends and progress of the theory of countercurrent extraction and rare earth separation technology.