芜湖市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题调查分析

Emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Wuhu City

目的了解芜湖市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题,并分析其影响因素。方法随机抽取芜湖市7所幼儿园,采用基本信息问卷、儿童长处和困难问卷家长版进行调查,并对影响儿童情绪和行为的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果芜湖市学龄前儿童困难总分异常发生率为8.72%,其中多动(17.04%)、同伴交往问题(20.81%)较为突出,除情绪症状外,男童发生情况均高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),同伴交往问题3岁组较为突出,亲社会行为随年龄增加儿童亲社会能力越好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素分析结果显示儿童性别、父母文化程度、父母健康状况、父亲吸烟喝酒、母亲吸二手烟、儿童吸二手烟、儿童哮喘与儿童情绪和行为问题相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,与儿童情绪和行为问题有关因素为男孩、妈妈文化程度低、爸爸吸烟、儿童吸二手烟、哮喘。讨论芜湖市学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题发生率处于国内中等水平,要根据性别、年龄、家庭环境等进行针对性的早期干预。

Objective To investigate the emotional and behavioral problems of preschoolers in Wuhu City,and to analyze their influencing factors.Methods Seven kindergartens in Wuhu City were randomly selected.The general information questionnaire and Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ,the edition for parents)were used for the survey.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the factors affecting children’s emotions and behavior.Results The abnormal incidence rate of the total score of difficulty in preschool children in Wuhu City was 8.72%,of which hyperactivity(17.04%)and peer communication problems(20.81%)were more prominent.The incidence rates of all emotional and behavioral problems were higher in boys than in girls except emotional symptoms,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Peer communication problems were found to be more prominent in the 3-year-old group,and the preschoolers’prosocial behavior became better with the increase of age,showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Results of single factor analysis showed that children’s gender,parents’educational level,parents’health status,fathers with smoking and drinking,mothers exposed to second-hand smoke,children exposed to second-hand smoke and children’s asthma were correlated with the children’s emotional and behavioral problems,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that factors related to the children’s emotional and behavioral problems were boys,mothers with lower educational level,fathers with smoking,children exposed to second-hand smoke and children’s asthma.Conclusions The incidence rates of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children in Wuhu City are at the middle level in the country.Early intervention should be conducted according to gender,age and family environment.