发芽蚕豆与发芽豌豆对草鱼生长和肉质影响的比较

Comparative study on effects of germinated broad bean and germinated pea on growth and flesh quality of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

为研究发芽蚕豆与发芽豌豆对草鱼生长性能和肌肉品质的影响,分别以普通配合饲料、发芽蚕豆和发芽豌豆投喂体质量为(1056.1±30.3)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella),养殖周期为84 d。结果显示:与投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼相比,发芽蚕豆与发芽豌豆均显著降低了草鱼的体质量增长,增大了饲料系数(P<0.05);同时,草鱼肌肉的失水率下降,硬度与咀嚼性显著提高,肌纤维密度增大、肌肉胶原蛋白含量增加,肌肉与皮肤中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白基因COL1A1和COL1A2 mRNA的表达量也显著提高(P<0.05);发芽蚕豆组草鱼的体质量增长、肌肉硬度与咀嚼性、肌纤维密度以及肌肉胶原蛋白含量显著高于发芽豌豆组(P<0.05)。结果表明:投喂发芽蚕豆与发芽豌豆,虽然降低了草鱼的生长性能,但能够改善草鱼的肌肉品质,并且投喂发芽蚕豆的效果优于发芽豌豆。

To investigate the effects of germinated broad bean and germinated pea on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella,formula diet(Control),germinated broad bean(GBB),and germinated pea(GP)were fed to grass carp with an initial body mass of(1056.1±30.3)g for 84 days.The results showed that feeding grass carp with GBB or GP significantly reduced mass gain and increased feed conversion ratio(P<0.05).Besides,the flesh of fish fed GBB or GP had lower water loss,higher hardness,chewiness,muscle fiber density and collagen content,and the relative expression of CollagenⅠgenes(COL1 A1,COL1 A2)mRNA in muscle and skin was also up-regulated by dietary GBB or GP(P<0.05),when compared with the formula diet group.Between the two tried groups,the mass gain,muscle hardness,chewiness,muscle fiber density,and collagen content of the GBB group were significantly higher than those of the GP group(P<0.05).In conclusion,feeding grass carp with germinated broad bean or germinated pea improved the flesh quality,but decreased the growth,and feeding germinated broad bean showed better growth and flesh quality than feeding germinated pea.