氮肥运筹对玉米干物质及氮素积累转运和产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Accumulation,Dry Matter Accumulation,Transport,and Yield of Maize

2015~2016年进行田间氮肥试验,研究分次施肥和施氮量对玉米干物质、氮素积累特性和产量的影响。供试品种为郑单958,采用二因素裂区设置,主区2种施氮方式,全部基施和50%基施+50%大喇叭口期追施;副区68、113、181、249 kg/hm^(2)4种施氮量,对照为不施氮肥,测定干物质和氮素积累量以及产量与产量构成。结果表明,追施氮肥前,一次性基施比分次施肥的干物质及氮素积累量高;追施氮肥后,分次施肥比一次性基施的干物质及氮素积累量高,分次施肥且施氮量为181 kg/hm^(2)时整个生育期干物质和氮素积累量最高。各处理间的子粒产量和产量结构达显著差异水平,通过施氮量与产量的模拟方程显示,理论最高产量为9288.95 kg/hm^(2),对应的施氮量为202.93 kg/hm^(2)。综合以上结果,说明基施90.5 kg/hm^(2)+追施90.5 kg/hm^(2)的氮肥运筹可获得玉米较高产量。

Field trial on nitrogen fertilizer was conducted from 2015 to 2016 to study the effects of split application fertilization and nitrogen application rate on dry matter,nitrogen accumulation characteristics and yield of maize.The tested variety Zhengdan958 was set with two-factor split zone.Two nitrogen application methods were used in the main zone:all basal application,50%basal application+50%large bell opening stage;Nitrogen application rates in the secondary area were 68,113,181 and 249 kg/ha No nitrogen fertilizer was used in the control.To determine the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,yield and yield composition.The results showed that the amount of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation was higher than that of primary application before topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer,and that of secondary application after nitrogen application was higher than that of the primary application.The dry matter and nitrogen accumulation were the highest in the whole growth period when the nitrogen rate was 181 kg/ha.The grain yield and yield structure were significantly different between treatments.The simulated equation of nitrogen application and yield showed that the theoretical maximum yield was 9288.95 kg/ha,and the corresponding nitrogen application was 202.93 kg/ha.Based on the above results,it can be concluded that 90.5 kg/ha+90.5 kg/ha applied nitrogenous fertilizer operation can obtain a higher yield of maize.