大棚玉米诱导小麦单倍体育种关键技术研究

Study on Key Techniques of Wheat Haploid Breeding by Greenhouse Maize Induction

为提高大棚玉米诱导小麦单倍体技术在襄阳地区小麦育种中的应用,研究了小麦去雄授粉技术、小麦杂交穗离体培养技术、大棚玉米栽培技术等关键技术。结果表明,“整穗+嫩龄剪药”得胚率可达31.3%,比常规去雄法增加8.2%,前者可作为一种高效去雄技术在小麦单倍体育种中进行推广应用;利用人工气候箱进行离体穗培养,2个批次的得胚率分别为24.3%和23.9%,比在大棚自然条件下的得胚率分别增加4.9%和8.2%,因此前者更适于进行杂交穗的离体培养;2020年暖冬气候条件下大棚玉米异常健壮,得胚率较以往年份显著提高,说明充足的光照和较高的积温可有效提高现有大棚玉米的生长健壮程度,进而影响玉米花粉对小麦单倍体胚的诱导频率。

In order to improve the application of wheat haploid technology induced by greenhouse maize in wheat breeding in Xiangyang region,we researched on the wheat emasculation method,wheat hybrid panicle in vitro culture technology and greenhouse maize cultivation technology.The results showed that the rate of embryos obtained by‘cutting anther at young age’could reach 31.3%,an increase of 8.2%compared with the conventional emasculation method.The former method could be promoted as a high-efficiency emasculation technique in wheat haploid breeding application.By using artificial climate box for in vitro spike culture,the embryo yields of the two batches were 24.3%and 23.9%,respectively,increased by 4.9%and 8.2%respectively compared with those in the greenhouse.The results revealed that artificial climate box was more suitable for in vitro culture of hybrid ears.Maize in greenhouses was exceptionally strong under warm winter in 2020,and embryo yield was significantly higher than that in previous years,indicating that sufficient light and higher accumulated temperature could effectively improve the growth of maize in existing greenhouses.The degree of maize robustness,in turn,affected the frequency of maize pollen induction of wheat haploid embryos.