烟田施用不同有机肥对土壤特性和烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Applying Different Organic Fertilizers in Tobacco Fields on Soil Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality

[目的]探究不同有机肥对豫中烟区连作植烟土壤的改良效果。[方法]通过田间对比试验,研究了不同有机肥种类对烟株农艺性状、土壤理化性质及烟叶产质量的影响。[结果]施用不同有机肥可明显改善连作植烟土壤物理特性,有效降低了土壤容重,下降幅度为0.01~0.09 g/cm^(3);施用有机肥的T3、T4、T5、T6处理的土壤含水率比T1处理分别提高了32.94%、48.24%、67.29、41.18%;不同有机肥材料来源不同,改良效果也存在差异,其中以炭基型有机肥的T5处理烟叶品质最佳且经济性状好,较T1处理产量提升30.09%,产值增加39.45%,中上等烟比例均提升34.91%,T5处理产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比例显著优于其他有机肥处理。[结论]施用炭基型有机肥能有效改善烟田土壤特性,促进植株生长,显著提高烟叶产质量。

[Objective]To explore the effect of different organic fertilizers on the continuous tobacco planting soil in Henan tobacco area.[Method]Through field comparison experiments,the effects of different organic fertilizers on tobacco plant agronomic characteristics,soil physical and chemical properties,and tobacco leaf yield and quality were studied.[Result]The application of different organic fertilizers could significantly improve the physical characteristics of the continuous tobacco planting soil,and effectively reduce the soil bulk density.The decrease range was 0.01-0.09 g/cm 3;the soil moisture content of the T3,T4,T5,and T6 treatments with organic fertilizers compared with T1 treatment,it increased by 32.94%,48.24%,67.29,41.18%,respectively;the source of different organic fertilizer materials was different,and the improvement effect was also different.Among them,the T5 treatment with carbon-based organic fertilizer had the best quality and good economic properties.Compared with the T1 treatment,the output increased by 30.09%,the output value increased by 39.45%,and the proportion of upper-medium cigarettes increased by 34.91%.The T5 treatment was significantly better than other organic fertilizer treatments in terms of yield,output value,average price,and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco.[Conclusion]The application of carbon-based organic fertilizer can effectively improve the soil characteristics of tobacco fields,promote plant growth,and significantly improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.