人工控制条件下BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系育性与光合特性的关系研究

Analysis on the Relationship between Fertility and Photosynthetic Characteristics in the BS Type Photo-Thermal Sensitive Male Sterile Wheat Lines under Controlled Condition

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系(简称不育系)是二系法杂交小麦应用的核心,为了研究不育系育性与光合特性的关系,改进不育系制繁种技术,提高繁种产量,以5份不育系(BS107、BS1086、BS640、BS608和BS366)和常规品种京411为研究材料,利用人工气候箱进行光温调控,研究不同材料在孕穗期、抽穗期、开花期、花后10d、花后20d和花后30d的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)等光合特性指标的差异,分析短日低温(不育系制种区)和长日高温(不育系繁种区)条件下不育系结实率与Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr和Fv/Fm的相关性。结果表明:BS107和BS1086的Pn、Gs和Tr变化趋势相近,BS640和BS366的Gs和Ci变化趋势相近,BS608的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr变化趋势与其他不育系差异较大。Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr较高的材料为BS640,Pn和Tr较高的材料为BS1086,Pn、Gs和Tr较低的材料为BS608。在短日低温条件下,不育系结实率与Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr和Fv/Fm相关性不显著;在长日高温条件下,不育系结实率与Pn、Gs和Tr呈正相关,从相关系数的大小来看,对结实率影响最主要的因子是Gs,其次是Pn和Tr。

BS type photo-thermal sensitive male sterile line is the core of the application of two-line hybrid wheat.Five BS type male sterile lines(BS107,BS1086,BS640,BS608,BS366)and a conventional variety(Jing411)were studied to investigate the relationship of the fertility with photosynthetic characteristics,for improving the seed production technology and the seed yield of the male sterile lines.Net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 molar fraction(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr),and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)were tested with photo-thermo-controlled growth chambers,and further analyzed in relation to fertility.The results showed the Pn,Gs,and Tr of BS107 were similar to those of BS1086,Gs and Ci of BS640 were similar to those of BS366,the Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr of BS608 were different from those the other sterile lines.The materials with higher Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr are BS640,and the Pn and Tr of BS1086 were higher,while Pn,Gs and Tr of BS608 were lower.Under short-day and low-temperature,seed-setting rate and Pn,Gs,Ci,Tr and Fv/Fm had no significant correlation.Under long-day and hightemperature,seed-setting rate had positive correlations with Pn,Gs and Tr.Furthermore,the most important factor affecting seed-setting rate was Gs,followed by Pn and Tr.