种植模式对南方作物产量及资源利用效率的影响

Effects of Cropping Patterns on Crop Yield and Resource Utilization Efficiency in Southern China

种植模式优化是挖掘农田高产潜力和提高资源利用效率的重要途径之一。于2017-2018年在湖北省江陵县三湖农场开展了田间试验,采用随机区组设计,设置了早稻-晚稻(DR,对照)、春玉米-晚稻(MR)和再生稻(Rr)3种种植模式。结果表明,与早稻-晚稻种植模式相比,春玉米-晚稻种植模式积温生产效率、水分利用率、经济效益和周年产量分别提高了8.66%、35.19%、33.71%和34.60%;再生稻分别提高了6.77%、11.16%、68.12%和31.20%。从整个周年来看,春玉米-晚稻和再生稻模式的积温生产效率较高,春玉米-晚稻模式的水分利用率最高,春玉米-晚稻和再生稻处理的周年产量显著高于早稻-晚稻种植模式,再生稻模式周年经济效益最高,其次是春玉米-晚稻种植模式。因此,春玉米-晚稻和再生稻是该区域稻田两熟制适宜的种植模式。

Optimizing cropping patterns is one of the important way to tap the high yield potential of farmland and to improve resource utilization efficiency.Field trials were carried out at Sanhu Farm in Jiangling county,Hubei Province from 2017 to 2018.A randomized block design and three planting patterns,early rice-late rice(DR,CK),spring maize-late rice(MR),and ratoon rice(Rr)were conducted.The results showed that compared with early ricelate rice,the accumulated temperature production efficiency,water use efficiency,economic benefit and annual yield of spring maize-late rice increased by 8.66%,35.19%,33.71%and 34.60%,respectively.Ratoon rice increased by 6.77%,11.16%,68.12%and 31.20%,respectively.From the perspective of the whole year,the accumulated temperature production efficiencies of the spring maize-late rice and ratoon rice treatments were higher,and the spring maize-late rice treatments had the highest water use efficiency.The annual yields of the spring maize-late rice and ratoon rice treatments of different planting treatments are significantly higher than that of the early rice-late rice,the ratoon rice treatment had the highest economic benefit,followed by spring maize-late rice.Therefore,spring maize-late rice and ratoon rice are optimal planting treatments for two-cropping rice fields in this region.