苏州拙政园历史沿革与分期考据

The Historical Evolution and Stage Research of Humble Administrator’s Garden,Suzhou

拙政园为苏州古典园林的经典遗存,在中国园林文化、园林史研究上具有重要意义。通过文献研究,考据了拙政园的始建时间、初始规模、历史分期,认为拙政园始建于正德四年(1509年)至正德八年(1513年),建成于嘉靖十二年(1533年),初始规模包括了现在的东、中、西三部分。按照时代变迁和园林形式变化,拙政园的历史沿革大体可分为明至清初的山林雅致时期(1509—1662年)、清代的繁复变迁时期(1662—1911年)、民国至新中国早期的破败毁坏时期(1911—1951年)以及新中国文管部门接管拙政园后的保护恢复时期(1951年至今)4个历史时期。

The Humble Administrator’s Garden is the classic remains of Suzhou Classical Gardens,which is of great significance in the study of Chinese garden culture and garden history.Through literature research,this paper studies the commencing time,initial scale,and historical stages of the Humble Administrator’s Garden,and concludes that the Humble Administrator’s Garden was built from the 4th year of Zhengde(1509)to the 8th year of Zhengde(1513)and was completed in the 12th year of Jiajing(1533),with the initial scale forming by the current east,middle,and west parts.According to the dynasties and the changes in the garden form,the historical evolution of the Humble Administrator’s Garden can be roughly divided into 4 periods:the elegant period of mountains and forests(1509—1662)from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,the period of complex changes of the Qing Dynasty(1662—1911),the period of ruin and destruction from the Republic of China to the early days of New China(1911—1951),the period of protection and restoration after the New China cultural administration took over the Humble Administrator’s Garden(1951—present).