论马克思劳动哲学视阈中的法律价值理论

On the Theory of Legal Value from the Perspective of Marxist Labor Philosophy

马克思以劳动哲学为基础的法哲学主张从物质生产劳动实践出发把握法律事实与法律价值的辩证关系,法律价值既要适应法律事实,同时又要超越法律事实,引导对社会现实的批判和改造。马克思既反对资产阶级自然法学和理性法学的法律价值绝对主义,也反对实证主义分析法学的法律价值相对主义。马克思认为对正义、自由、平等等主要的法律价值观念的理解都不能停留在抽象概念层面,它们都是物质生产劳动发展到一定阶段的产物,伴随物质生产劳动发展不断变化。法律价值观念的具体价值取向取决于物质生产劳动发展的水平。资本主义社会的法律价值观念是工业化大生产和市场经济发展的产物,其本质是维护自由竞争的市场经济秩序,捍卫资本的利益所得。社会主义法律价值观念是劳动者的价值观念,其本质是维护与劳动创造等比例的利益所得。只有到共产主义社会才能实现真正的社会正义,那时,法律作为一种社会现象就进入历史博物馆了。

Marx’s philosophy of law based on the philosophy of labor advocates to grasp the dialectical relationship between legal facts and legal values from the practice of material production and labor.Legal values should not only adapt to legal facts,but also transcend legal facts,and guide the criticism and transformation of social reality.Marx is not only against the absolutism of legal value of bourgeois natural law and rational law,but also against the relativism of legal value of positivist analytical law.Marx believed that the understanding of justice,freedom,equality and other major legal values could not stay at the level of abstract concepts,they are all the products of the development of material production labor to a certain stage,develop with the material production labor constantly changing.The specific value orientation of legal values depends on the level of material production and labor development.The legal value concept of capitalist society is the product of industrialized mass production and the development of market economy.Its essence is to maintain the market economic order of free competition and to safeguard the benefit income of capital.The socialist legal values are the values of workers,whose essence is to maintain the equal proportion of profit income with labor creation.Only in the Communist society can real social justice be realized.At that time,law,as a social phenomenon,will enter the history museum.