亚里士多德“形式”的美学意蕴探究

On the Aesthetic Implication of Aristotle’s “Form”

在亚里士多德的哲学中,形式占有十分重要的地位。形式是事物的本体,它既指称普遍,又意味着个体。形式也是本质,即"是其所是";形式是现实,而质料是潜能。亚里士多德将动态性和功能性赋予形式,使其具有"实现"的意义。其形式的美学内蕴在于以下几个方面,即形式是感觉和认知的中介、是一种"中间性"因素、是个体性和普遍性的结合、是一种不断的实现活动等。亚里士多德的形式理论以其丰富性、多样性和深刻性不断迸发着鲜活的生命力,对后世美学产生了极大的影响。

Form plays a very important role in Aristotle’s philosophy.Form is the substance of things,which refers to both universality and individuality.Form is also the nature or essence of things;and form is reality,while material is potential.More importantly,Aristotle endows form with dynamics and functionality,so that it has the meaning of"realization".The aesthetic connotation of Aristotle’s form lies in the following aspects:form is the medium of perception and cognition,an"intermediate"factor,a combination of individuality and universality,and also a continuous realization activity.Aristotle’s formal theory,with its richness,diversity and profundity,is constantly bursting with fresh vitality,which has a great influence on later aesthetics.