白洋淀湿地生态脆弱性初探

A Preliminary Study on Ecological Vulnerability of Baiyangdian Wetland

湿地生态脆弱性研究是湿地保护与管理的基础.以白洋淀湿地为研究对象,采用“成因-结果”模型,选取包括自然、社会、科技和经济中具有代表性的23个指标构建评价指标系统.依据熵权法确定指标权重,采用模糊评价中的隶属函数计算隶属度,最后将二者结合进行白洋淀湿地生态脆弱性评价.结果表明,白洋淀湿地生态脆弱性水平在2010年、2013年、2014年和2015年分别为Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅴ级和Ⅳ级,反映其在2010~2014年期间生态状况在下降,而到2015年有所改善.比较23个评价指标的权重发现,对白洋淀湿地生态脆弱性影响较大的因子是工业烟尘排放量和工业固废处置量,其次为水体中氨氮和总磷含量以及湿地水面积等.研究表明,湿地生态脆弱性调控是一项系统工程,进行白洋淀湿地生态脆弱性研究,可为湿地保护与管理提供一定的依据.

Study on wetland ecological vulnerability is a basis of wetland protection and management.Taking Baiyangdian wetland as a study object,using the“causes-results”model,23 representative indicators in 4 categories including nature,society,science-technology and economies were selected to construct the evaluation indicator system.The weight of each indicator was determined using the entropy weight method,and the membership degrees were calculated using the membership functionsin the fuzzy evaluation model.Finally,the ecological vulnerability was evaluated according to the comprehensive evaluation index obtained by using a composition operator to combine the fuzzy relation matrix with the entropy weight matrix.The results showed that the vulnerability levels of the Baiyangdian wetland were evaluated as I,Ⅲ,V and IV degree in 2010,2013,2014,and 2015 respectively,which reflected that the wetland ecological situation was deteriorating from 2010 to 2014,and started to improve in 2015.Comparing the 23 indicators,it is found that the major factors affecting the ecological vulnerability of Baiyangdian wetland are industrial smoke and dust emissions,industrial solid waste disposal,followed by ammonia nitrogen content,total phosphorus content and wetland water area,etc.The study illustrates that it is a systematic project to regulate the wetland vulnerability,which may provide a scientific basis for the wetland ecological protection and management.