西藏东南地区不同海拔果树昆虫群落多样性研究

Insect community diversity in orchard ecosystem at different elevations of Southeast Tibet

为了明确西藏地区果园昆虫种类组成及多样性,对该地区果园昆虫种类、数量进行了系统调查,分析探讨了西藏地区低、中、高3个不同海拔区域果园昆虫群落的组成、群落丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度等特征。结果表明,在不同海拔的昆虫种类组成具有明显差异。调查共采集到昆虫标本877个,隶属13目47科71种,其中,低海拔地区共51种,占比71.83%;中海拔地区17种,占比23.94%;高海拔地区11种,占比15.49%。低海拔地区物种丰富度最高,为7.7344,高海拔地区最低,为2.1762;昆虫群落物种多样性、群落均匀度、群落相似性也随海拔的升高而降低,而优势集中度则随海拔升高而增大。在果园生态系统中,不同海拔生产者(果树种类)垂直分布的不同,消费者(果树昆虫,包括害虫及天敌)的组成及多样性亦不同;西藏东南部地区果园昆虫在低海拔生境中群落较为丰富,多样性指数、均匀度最高;高海拔地区群落优势度最高。

In order to clarify the species composition and diversity of insects in orchards in Tibet.This study systematically investigated the species and quantity of insects in orchards in the region.The characteristics of composition,community richness,diversity,evenness and dominance of orchard insect communities in low,medium and high altitudes in Tibet were analyzed.The results showed that the species composition of insects at different altitudes was obviously different.A total of 877 insect specimens were collected,belonging to 71 species in 47 families and 13 orders,of which 51 species were collected in low altitude areas,accounting for 71.83%,17 species in mid-altitude areas,accounting for 23.94%,11 species at high altitude,accounting for 15.49%.The highest species richness was 7.7344 in low altitude areas and 2.1762 in high altitude areas.Species diversity,community evenness and community similarity of insect communities also decrease with the elevation,while dominant concentration increases with the elevation.In the orchard ecosystem,the vertical distribution of producers at different altitudes is different,and the composition and diversity of consumers are also different.Orchard insects in southeastern Tibet are abundant in low altitude habitats,with the highest diversity index and evenness.Community dominance is highest in high altitude areas.