合目的性的审查分层:我国地方性法规审查基准的实践及其逻辑

The Hierarchical Review of Purposiveness:The Practice and Logicof the Criteria for Reviewing Local Regulations in China

当前我国地方立法审查工作所面临的现实和理论问题,要求从制度实践出发总结一套适应实际的审查基准。从制度起源、各国通例以及我国立法机关的实践活动来看,审查基准应是审查机关基于与其他机关之权力关系、对立法的合目的性进行类型化考察并选择介入程度的行动方案。我国“审查机关”与“中央立法机关”合一的独特制度构造,促使地方性法规审查在实践中根据合目的性要求具体分化为“融贯目的-价值目的-效用目的”的三重分层,并基于“事项-目的-相符程度”的逻辑结构顺序展开,最终形成我国地方立法审查基准的雏形。

The realistic and theoretical issues faced in the work of reviewing local regulations in China request the summarization of a set of review criteria adaptive to the actual situation from the practice of relevant systems.From perspectives of the systemic origin,the general national practices,and the practical activities of legislatures of China,these criteria should be action plans in which the review agency conducts typified review of the legislative purposiveness and chooses the degree of intervention based on its relationship with other agencies in terms of power.The unique system structure that the"review agency"and the"central legislature"are the same one prompts the division of the review of local regulations into three levels of"coherence purpose-value purpose-utility purpose"according to the requirement of purposiveness,which will be developed on basis of the sequence in logic structure,i.e."matter-purpose-degree of conformality",thus finally forming the prototype of the criteria for reviewing local regulations in China.