手术机器人的法律地位探析

Discussions on the Legal Status of Surgical Robots

智能机器人的法律地位是研究人工智能法律问题的核心,是确定人工智能之权利、义务和责任的基础。手术机器人是目前应用最广且最具前景的医疗智能机器人,其自主性和独立决策能力,必将随着人工智能技术的发展而不断提升,并对现行法律主体界定的相关制度提出挑战;而其法律地位则取决于其“智能”程度,故应分层次、类型化考量,采用不同法律人格处理方式,据具体应用场景确定归责原则、责任主体和责任形态,并积极构建财产基金账户、强制保险等责任承担配套制度。

The legal status of intelligent robot is the core of studying the legal issues of artificial intelligence,and is the basis of determining the rights,obligations and responsibilities of artificial intelligence.Surgical robot is the most widely used and the most promising medical intelligent robot.With the rapid development of artificial intel⁃ligence technology,the improvement of its autonomy and independent decision-making ability poses a challenge to relevant system of the current legal subject system.And its legal status depends on its"intelligence",which should be considered in different levels and types,and different legal personality treatment methods should be adopted,the principle of liability,the subject of responsibility and the form of liability should be determined according to the spe⁃cific application scenarios,and supporting systems of liability bearing such as property fund account and compulsory insurance should be actively established.