基于纳米碳的低碳耐火材料研究现状

Research Status on Nano Carbon Containing Low-Carbon Refractories

含碳耐火材料具有优良的热震稳定性和抗渣侵蚀性,广泛应用于碱性氧气转炉、电弧炉、钢包、滑板、连铸“三大件”等钢铁冶金设备。为满足钢铁冶金节能环保、洁净钢冶炼等新生产技术的要求,低碳耐火材料甚至超低碳耐火材料的发展具有重要意义。然而,直接减少鳞片石墨在传统含碳耐火材料中的添加量,会导致材料韧性降低、恶化其抗热震性及抗渣侵蚀性能。近年来国内外研究人员已经开始将纳米碳源引入到低碳耐火材料中,在降低耐火材料中碳含量的同时,优化材料的性能。但是,纳米碳存在制备工艺复杂、成本高、易团聚、易氧化等问题,限制了其在含碳耐火材料中的工业应用。概述了国内外研究人员关于不同类型的纳米碳对低碳耐火材料各方面性能的影响研究,各类型纳米碳引入低碳耐火材料需要解决的问题,以及在降低碳含量、提高低碳耐火材料使用性能方面的进展情况。

Carbon containing refractories have been widely used in steel ladles,arc furnaces,basic converters,slide plates,and functional refractories for con-casting,benefiting from their high resistance to corrosion,slag penetration,and thermal shock.It is urgent to develop low-carbon refractories and ultra-low-carbon refractories in response to“low carbon economy”environment all over the world and the requirement to develop clean steel.However,decreasing the content of graphite flake in the traditional carbon containing refractories can decrease the toughness and deteriorate the thermal shock and slag corrosion resistance.Researchers have pointed out that nano carbons have shown their capability in decreasing the total carbon content while improving or maintaining the comprehensive properties.However,the application of nano carbons as carbon source is limited because of their high cost,poor dispersibility and vulnerable to oxidation.In the present work,the research progress of the influence of different types of nano carbons on the performance and potential problems of low carbon refractories is overviewed.