高性能原位自生钛基复合材料制备加工与航天应用探索

Spaceflight Application and Fabrication of High-Performance In-Situ Titanium Matrix Composites

传统钛合金备受航空工业的青睐,而新型超高速、大运力航天器对钛合金的比强度、比模量、耐热性等性能提出了更高的要求。复合化是钛合金实现高性能化的有效途径之一。通过向轻质高强钛合金基体中引入反应剂,生成异质增强相(微/纳米颗粒和晶须),从而制备得到一种崭新材料——原位自生钛基复合材料(in-situ TMCs),与钛合金相比,该复合材料具有更高的强度和模量、优异的抗蠕变性能等,已成为航天领域一种不可替代的共性关键材料。近年来,TMCs的相关研究逐渐从制备工艺、均匀化控制、形变加工对组织性能的调控作用等转为耐更高温度TMCs的研制、复合构型的设计制备、近净成形加工(如等温锻造、精密铸造和增材制造等)以及构件应用的探索等。因此将围绕航天用高性能TMCs的研制,综述其在制备技术、形变加工工艺以及耐热TMCs力学性能等方面的研究进展,总结in-situ TMCs未来的研究方向以及在各类航天器上的潜在应用方向。

Conventional titanium alloys are favored by aviation industry,while aiming at the development of new spacecrafts with higher-speed and larger-capacity,the performances of titanium alloys in terms of specific strength,specific modulus,heat resistance and other properties should be further improved.An effective way to improve the properties and performance of titanium alloys is to fabricate the titanium matrix composites(in-situ titanium matrix composites,in-situ TMCs).In these composites,heterogeneous reinforcements(micro/nano particles and whiskers)are formed by introducing reactants into the light-weight,high strength titanium alloy matrix,to possess higher strength and modulus and excellent creep resistance comparing with titanium alloys.Thus TMCs are expected to be prime candidate materials for the preparation of aerospace components.In recent years,the research interests of TMCs have gradually shifted from preparation technology,reinforcement-distribution homogenization,bulk deformation processing to the development of heat-resistant TMCs,the designed microstructural architectures,near-net-shaped forming(such as isothermal forging,precision-casting and additive manufacturing,etc.)and application test.In this study,the development of high-performance TMCs was focused,the research advances of fabrication methods,deformation processing and properties of heat-resistant TMCs were reviewed,and the potential research direction and application in various spacecraft were discussed.