基于优化AHP法的玉米膜下滴灌灌水定额筛选

Selection of Irrigation Quota of Drip Irrigation under Film for Maize Based on Optimized AHP Method

在优选灌溉制度的过程中,评价多重因素对灌溉制度影响的方法存在着科学性不足的问题,以玉米拔节期后灌水定额为变量(30.0,37.5,45.0,52.5,60.0mm)进行膜下滴灌玉米的灌溉试验,试验后利用相关性分析和显著性分析进行数据处理,并将其用于传统层次分析法(AHP)的优化,利用优化后的AHP法来确定适宜膜下滴灌玉米的灌溉制度。结果表明:在评价过程中,方案层5个灌水定额对准则层各因素的相对重要性表现为3类不同趋势,灌水定额的增加对准则层各因素重要性越强,灌水定额的增加对准则层各因素重要性呈单峰曲线,灌水定额的增加对准则层各因素重要性无影响。准则层9个因素对目标层的重要程度不同,由大到小依次为产量>每穗粒数>耗水量>WUE>穗长=穗位高>秃尖长>百粒重>IWUE,产量、每穗粒数和耗水量对目标的选取影响很大且重要程度较高,穗长、穗位高和WUE指标则相对重要。优化的AHP法将数据通过数学方法处理后构造成对比较矩阵,且均为一致阵并无需重复构造,弥补了传统AHP法中模糊性、盲目性和主观性等问题,也增加了层次之间的联系性。通过优化的AHP法分析发现52.5mm灌水定额处理适宜膜下滴灌玉米各项指标充分平衡生长。由层次间的重要性叠加可知,拔节后灌水定额52.5mm,灌水周期7d,灌水9次,灌溉定额472.5mm更适宜研究区膜下滴灌玉米生长的灌溉制度。

In the process of optimizing the irrigation schedule,the method of evaluating the influence of multiple factors on the irrigation schedule has the insufficient scientific problem.This study used the irrigation quota after the jointing stage of corn as a variable(30.0,37.5,45.0,52.5,60.0mm)for irrigation experiment under mulch drip irrigation.After the experiment,correlation analysis and significance analysis were used for data processing,and used for the optimization of traditional analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and the optimized AHP method used to determine the irrigation system was suitable for drip irrigation under mulch.The results showed that in the evaluation process,the relative importance of the five irrigation quotas at the schematic layer to the factors at the criterion layer showed three different trends:the increase in irrigation quotas was more important to the factors at the criterion layer,the increase in irrigation quotas affected the factors at the criterion layer.The importance of each factor showed a unimodal curve.The increase of irrigation quota had no effect on the importance of each factor at the criterion layer.The 9 factors of the criterion layer have different importance to the target layer,from large to small,the order is yield>grains per panicle>water consumption>WUE>panicle length=ear height>bald tip length>100-grain weight>IWUE.Yield,the number of grains per panicle and water consumption have a great influence on the selection of targets and have a high degree of importance.Ear length,spike height and WUE indicators were relatively important.The optimized AHP method constructed a pair of comparison matrices after processing the data through mathematical methods,and they are all consistent matrices without repeated construction,which compensates for the problems of ambiguity,blindness and subjectivity in the traditional AHP method,and also increases the level of difference Connection.Through optimized AHP analysis,it is found that the irrigation quota of 52.5mm was suitable for drip irrigation under the mulch to fully balance the growth of maize.From the superposition of the importance of the levels,it could be seen that the irrigation quota was 52.5mm,the irrigation cycle was 7 days,and the irrigation is 9 times.The total irrigation quota was 472.5mm after jointing stage,which is a more suitable irrigation system for the growth of maize under drip irrigation under mulch in the study area.