基于医学人类学思考的女性身体四重空间与产科实践

The Four Attributes of Female Body and Obstetric Practice from the Perspective of Medical Anthropology

从医学人类学视角解释中国孕产行为为何呈现前现代、现代和后现代并存的特点。分娩对于女性来说是个体化经验,对国家来说是公共卫生的一环,对医院来说是生物医学的结果,对家人来说是共同体内迎接新生命、其成员得到新身份的文化事件。所以在分娩过程中,女性身体并非只是生物性的身体,而是聚焦了个人、国家、自然和文化等各种力量的总和,它们渗透到女性身体中,通过女性在分娩时的语言、姿势、情感等呈现了出来,它们之间互相关联、塑造、强化与博弈,共同塑造了包括女性在内的社会成员对分娩的认识,影响着产科实践。

This study attempts to explain why childbirth in China characterizes the coexistence of pre-modern,modern,and post-modern features from the perspective of medical anthropology.Childbirth is an individualized experience for women,a part of public health for the country,a biomedical result for hospitals,and a cultural event for a family to celebrate the arrival of new members and to declare the new status of its members in the community.Therefore,in the process of childbirth,the female body is not merely a biological one,but also a body affected by such forces as individual,country,nature and culture that are manifest in the language,posture and emotion of women who are giving birth to a baby.These forces are interrelated,complementary,mutually reinforcing and competing,which jointly shape the understanding of childbirth of all members of society including women and impact on obstetric practice.