重拾风景,面向未来——风景园林本科教育之风景学发展方向构想

Regaining the Scenicology and Orienting to the Future:Conception of scenicology Development in Bachelor Education of Landscape Architecture

风景学迷失带来了风景名胜区等自然保护地话语权的丢失、自然地规划设计基础理论的荒芜、风景学内涵的支离破碎、乡野建设城市园林化等问题。笔者认为,上述问题的解决之道是重拾风景学。为此,笔者探讨了风景学定义并道明了其国学特征及与园林学的本底互置关系;提出了风景学的风景历史与理论、风景学原理、风景植物学、风景营造、风景保护与利用5个学术分支,并陈述了各分支知识构成;围绕风景学本科教育方向提出了八大核心知识板块不动,仅对专业核心课程内容围绕风景学进行集结构造的构想。阐明了该办学方向对政府职能调整的适应性与可操作性。

The loss of scenicology brings a series of problems,such as the desolation of Basic theory of natural planning or designing,fragmentation of landscape connotation,plagiarism of urban landscape rural construction as well as Landscape Architects are losing speech right in natural protected areas like scenic spots.We believe that the solution to the problems is to regain scenicology.So we not only give the definition of scenicology and point out its national characteristics and its interrelationship with gardening,but also put forward five academic branches of scenicology,including the history and theory of scenery,the principle of scenery,scenery botany,scenery construction,and the protection and utilization of scenery as well as their respective contents.Then we put forward the idea of respecting the eight core knowledge sectors and only propose a conception of the structure of the core curriculum content according to scenicology.At last we clarify the adaptability and operability of the school-running direction to the adjustment of government functions.