金融刑法边界限缩:一种经济学分析框架

The Boundary Limitation of Financial Criminal Law:An Economic Analysis Framework

金融不法行为犯罪化的经济学基础是纯粹强制金融资源转让,强制是质的内容,以市场交易自愿性为判定。金融市场自愿性分为自愿交易、民商事型、投机型、完全型非自愿交易4类。投机型与完全型非自愿交易是破坏金融交易秩序罪规制的对象,前者与金融资源所有权减损值结合作为犯罪化标准,即结果犯立罪模式;后者与金融资源所有权、使用权减损值及其他情节结合作为入罪标准,即行为犯、危险犯、结果犯并存的立罪模式。非违禁品的金融资源自愿交易与民商事型、诱发除金融资源所有权减损之外的投机型非自愿交易,应排除刑法规制。破坏金融管理秩序行为是破坏金融交易秩序罪的预备、危险行为,以完全型非自愿为入罪基准,与之相悖逆的擅自设立金融机构等罪应去罪化。

The economic basis for the criminalization of financial wrongful acts is purely determined by the compulsory transfer of financial resources,and compulsion is the criterion for judging the nature of criminal wrongful acts,which is determined by the voluntariness of market traders.The voluntariness is divided into four categories of voluntariness,non-voluntariness of civil and commercial and speculation types and complete non-voluntariness.The criminal law is applicable to the speculative non-voluntariness and complete non-voluntariness in the crime of breaking the order of financial transactions.If the speculative non-voluntariness is combined with the derogated“pure value”of the ownership of the financial resources,it meets the convicting standard,i.e.the consequential offence.If complete non-voluntariness may be combined with the derogatory value of the ownership and the right to use financial resources and the additional circumstances,it meets the criminalization standard,that is,behavioral offence,potential damage offence and consequential offense.Therefore,it is not necessary to use criminal law to intervene with the transacting of financial resources(non-contraband)under voluntary transactions,non-voluntariness transacting of civil and commercial types,and the speculative non-voluntariness behaviors,except for the loss of ownership of financial resources caused by such involuntary transactions.The act of destroying the order of financial management is assessed by the preparatory and dangerous act of destroying the order of financial transaction,regarding complete involuntariness as the criteria of criminalization,and the crime of setting up financial institutions without authorization,which is contrary to this criteria,should be decriminalized.