学生网络欺凌法律规制路径辨析

Analysis on the Path of Legal Regulation of Student Cyberbullying

基于学生网络欺凌的普遍性与危害性,各国都重视运用法律进行规制,并形成从“业者自律→行业自律→行政规制→刑事惩罚”这样一道国家介入由弱到强的规制谱系。业者与行业自律模式在民主性、透明性及确保公益方面存在缺陷。行政规制模式面临技术与成本局限,可能导致网络言论萎缩。刑事规制模式在网络欺凌定义、主观故意证明及监督执行上存在困难。我国学生网络欺凌治理应采取合作规制模式。一方面,政府组织业者设立网络内容防护机构并制定政策框架,就披露审查标准、定期汇报等提出要求,网络业者根据要求制定标准并审查和处理不当网络言论;另一方面,政府制定学校政策框架,将学校规制权限适当扩张至校外并明确核心内容,学校从政策制定、宣传推广及课程教育等方面进行教育防范。此种模式从网络与学校场域双管齐下,充分发挥政府、业者及学校三方优势,有效防止学生网络欺凌。

Due to the universality and harmfulness of student cyberbullying,many countries use laws to regulate cyber behavior,and has formed a regulatory spectrum from business self-regulation,to industry self-regulation,to administrative regulation,and to criminal punishment,in which government involvement,ranging from weak to strong.Business self-regulation and industry self-regulation models are flawed in terms of democracy,transparency and ensuring public welfare.Administrative regulation model faces technical and cost constraints and may lead to the decrease of online speech.Criminal regulation model has encountered difficulties in defining cyberbullying,proving subjective intentions,supervising the executive efficiency.China should adopt the cooperative regulation model to govern student cyberbullying.On one hand,the government can organize network service providers to set up network content protection agency and establish a policy framework and make requests for disclosure of review standards,regular reports,etc.,and network operators can set standards and review and deal with inappropriate online statements as required.On the other hand,the government can formulate a school policy framework,in which the core regulations are clarified appropriately expanding the school’s regulatory authority to cover out-of-school behavior.The school conducts preventative education by using policy formulation,promotion and curriculum education.This model can be adopted by combining online supervision and campus management,giving full play to the unified roles of the government,the industry and the school,which can effectively prevent student cyberbullying from occurring.