从互嵌到认同:移民与清代滇东南民族关系发展研究

From Interembedding to Identification:A Study on Migration and the Development of Ethnic Relations in Southeastern Yunnan in Qing Dynasty

随着西南地区改土归流的推进和交通状况的改善,清乾隆嘉庆朝后,移民大量进入滇东南地区,移民的到来改变了该区域民族人口结构和居住格局。移民与当地土著民族杂居,使原先相对封闭的民族聚居村寨成为民族互嵌混合居住村寨。占居市头的汉人有机地与当地民族村寨勾连在一起,使滇东南地区的汉族移民与各少数民族以及各少数民族之间有了和谐共存的地域基础。移民与滇东南各民族交错杂居,互动频繁,各民族之间交融互化程度加深。清代两次中越疆界划分使滇东南各族边民的国界意识变得清晰。在反侵略的过程中各民族协同作战,戮力同心,共同对付来犯之敌,国家认同得以升华,从而促进了边境地区与中央王朝的整合。

With the improvement of the traffic conditions and the advancement of the bureaucratization in southwest of China,a large number of people entered the southeast of Yunnan after the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties.The arrival of migrants has changed the ethnic demographics and residential patterns in the region.Migrants and local indigenous people mixed together,changing the originally relatively closed ethnic settlements into ethnically embedded villages.The Han people who occupied the top of the city were organically connected with the local ethnic villages,which has provided the Han migrants in the southeastern Yunnan the regional basis of harmonious coexistence with various ethnic minorities.The migrants and the ethnic groups in southeastern Yunnan lived together and interacted frequently,thus the integration between them has deepened.After the two Sino-Vietnamese border divisions in Qing Dynasty,the border residents of various ethnic groups in southeastern Yunnan had clear idea about their borders.In the process of anti-aggression,all ethnic groups worked together to fight against the invading enemies,and the national identity was sublimated,thus promoting the integration of the border areas and the central dynasty.