贫而不困:当下中国农村不存在贫困陷阱

Poor but not Trapped:No Poverty Trap in Rural China at Present

党的十八大以来,中国取得了脱贫攻坚的伟大成就,为世界反贫困作出了重大贡献。尽管反贫困视域尚有产业基础不牢、内生动力不足、公共服务水平差距大、政策边际效益倾向递减等问题,加之不平衡不充分的发展现实下相对贫困问题凸显,中国后发地区客观存在落入贫困陷阱的风险,但并未出现贫困陷阱。制度视角得益于中国共产党领导的政治优势和中国特色社会主义制度优势;历史视角得益于以往多阶段的贫困治理经验;个体视角上是小农本身具有韧性,正规与非正规相结合的风险分担机制和小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接深化了此韧性。更深层次上,社会主义核心价值体系与中华文化观、民族观的注入使得文化物化为减贫的有形逻辑,强化了摆脱贫困的精神力量。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,great achievements have been made in poverty eradication,which contributes enormously to global poverty reduction.Although there are still some problems unresolved,such as weak agricultural base,insufficient endogenous impetus,low level public service,and declining policy marginal utility and so forth as well as the obvious and severe problem of relative poverty in underdeveloped regions under the contradiction of unbalanced and inadequate development,there is a risk of falling into a poverty trap.However,there is no poverty trap in rural China at present for the following reasons.From the political perspective,it benefits from the leadership of the Communist Party of China and advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics;from the historical perspective,it benefits from the experience of poverty alleviation featuring coordinated efforts of government,market and society in every stage;from the individual perspective,it benefits from the toughness of farmers themselves and the fully functional risk-sharing mechanism.At a deeper level,the integration of the core socialist values,the Chinese culture and national spirit has turned mental strength into endogenous impetus which enhances the poor’s capability to shake off poverty and become better-off.