试析亨利·帕克斯的《1866年公立学校法案》及其影响

An Analysis of Henry Parks'Public Schools Bill of 1866 and Its Influence

亨利·帕克斯(Henry Parkes 1815—1896)是19世纪澳大利亚政坛的重要人物,也是位坚定的教育改革者,他于1866年在南威尔士地区颁发并执行的公立学校法案成为了“澳大利亚第一次教育改革浪潮”(1857—1885)的重要组成部分。为了削弱教会对学校的控制和推动世俗教育的发展,法案设立了教育委员会对所有学校进行统一管理,并对教派学校的选址、招生和宗教课程内容做出了限制性规定。此外,法案还建立了师范培训和考核制度用以提高教师队伍的整体素质,并为公共教育的发展提供了师资力量。解读《1866年公立学校法案》及其影响是极其必要的,它将有助深化我们对澳大利亚教育改革和澳大利亚教育史的研究,并让我们进一步了解国家现代化道路上教育改革的作用和影响。

Henry Parks(1815-1896)was an important politics figure and a firm reformer of education in Australian in the 19th century.The Public School Bill issued and implemented by him in South Wales in 1866 became an important part of the"first wave of educational reform in Australia"(1857-1885).In order to weaken the church's control over schools and promote the development of secular education,the bill establishes an education committee to manage all schools in a unified way,and makes restrictions on the location,enrollment and religious curriculum content of religious schools.In addition,the bill also establishes a teacher training and assessment system to improve the overall quality of teachers,and to provide teachers for the development of public education.It is very necessary to interpret the public schools act of 1866 and its influence.It will help us to deepen our research on Australian education reform and Australian education history,and let us further understand the role and influence of educational reform on the road of national modernization.