论王阳明“调摄为主”的柔性治理思想——以奏设崇义县为例

On Wang Yangming’s Thought of Flexible Governance--A Case Study of Chongyi County

阳明奏设崇义县的本质是倡导一种柔性的治理,推崇仁爱为务的德治,重视乡约的规束,注重动情喻理的感化。无论是剿匪还是安民,阳明的施政核心是从实际出发、从民情出发。阳明的社会治理是尚文治而后武力,即所谓先德后刑,力主以仁心仁术待民。从理论逻辑上看,阳明"良知—性善"论,为其剿匪和社会治理的"调治"方略提供了内在价值依据。"调摄为主"是阳明社会治理实践中重民性、顺民意的必然结果,也是他审时度势、实事求是的务实选择。从理论层面观察,其间深深浸润了阳明深厚的"心学"哲思。"调摄为主"策略是阳明"良知"说在社会实践中的成功运用,不仅造就了阳明"文治武功"的"新三不朽"煌煌业绩,也创造性地发展了儒家政治思想中推崇"善教"的深厚传统。

The essence of Yangming Chongyi County is to advocate a kind of flexible governance,to promote the rule of virtue with benevolence,to attach importance to the rules of the township contract,and to pay attention to the influence of emotional metaphor.Whether to suppress bandits or Anmin,Yangming’s core of governance is from the reality,from the people.Yangming’s social governance is Shang Wenzhi and then force,that is,the so-called first virtue and then punishment,the main benevolence and benevolence to treat the people.From the theoretical and logical point of view,Yangming’s theory of"conscience-good nature"provides an intrinsic value basis for his strategy of suppressing bandits and social governance.It is the inevitable result of emphasizing the people and following the public opinion in the practice of Yang Ming’s social governance.From the theoretical point of view,it deeply infiltrates Yangming’s deep philosophy of mind learning.The strategy is the successful application of Yangming’s theory of conscience in social practice,which not only brings up the outstanding achievements of Yangming’s"culture and martial arts",but also creatively develops the deep tradition of advocating"good education"in Confucian political thought.